Machine Learning
A. Mohamadi; M. Habibi; F. Parandin
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) represents a critical juncture in the management of prostate cancer, where the accurate prediction of the onset of castration resistance is paramount for guiding treatment decisions.Methods: In this study, we underscore ...
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Background and Objectives: Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) represents a critical juncture in the management of prostate cancer, where the accurate prediction of the onset of castration resistance is paramount for guiding treatment decisions.Methods: In this study, we underscore the power and efficiency of auto-ML models, specifically the Random Forest Classifier, for their low-code, user-friendly nature, making them a practical choice for complex tasks, to develop a predictive model for the occurrence of castration resistance events (CRE (. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from MSK (Clin Cancer Res 2020), comprising clinical, genetic, and molecular features, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to discern patterns and correlations indicative of castration resistance. A random forest classifier was employed to harness the dataset's intrinsic interactions and construct a robust predictive model. Results: We used over 18 algorithms to find the best model, and our results showed a significant achievement, with the developed model demonstrating an impressive accuracy of 75% in predicting castration resistance events. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the importance of specific features such as 'Fraction Genome Altered ‘and the role of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in castration resistance prediction.Conclusion: Corroborating these findings, recent studies emphasize the correlation between high 'Fraction Genome Altered' and resistance and the predictive power of elevated PSA levels in castration resistance. This highlights the power of machine learning in improving outcome predictions vital for prostate cancer treatment. This study deepens our insights into metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer and provides a practical tool for clinicians to shape treatment strategies and potentially enhance patient results.
Photonics
F. Parandin
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Universal NOR gate is one of the most important gates in digital design. The all-optical NOR gate can be designed using photonic crystals. These types of gates have a small size and can be integrated.Methods: In this paper, an optical NOR gate is designed based on 2D photonic ...
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Background and Objectives: Universal NOR gate is one of the most important gates in digital design. The all-optical NOR gate can be designed using photonic crystals. These types of gates have a small size and can be integrated.Methods: In this paper, an optical NOR gate is designed based on 2D photonic crystals. A square lattice has been used to design this structure. This logic gate has two main inputs, a bias input and an output. Because the output of the NOR gate must be “1” for zero inputs, a bias input is required. A combination of linear and point defects has also been used to create waveguides. Results: One of the characteristics of this structure is its small size for use in optical integrated circuits. The use of a small number and simple point defects makes the design of this gate easier. The obtained delay time for this gate is 0.06ps. Due to these features, this gate can be used in high-speed optical integrated circuits.Conclusion: In this paper, an all-optical NOR logic gate is designed and simulated using photonic crystals. The use of a small number of point defects has reduced the delay time of this gate. The proposed NOR gate can be used in high-speed optical integrated circuits.
Optoelectronics and Photonics
F. Parandin; M. Malmir
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Recently, photonic crystals have been considered as the basic structures for the realization of various optical devices for high speed optical communication.Methods: In this research, two dimensional photonic crystals are used for designing all optical logic gates. A photonic ...
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Background and Objectives: Recently, photonic crystals have been considered as the basic structures for the realization of various optical devices for high speed optical communication.Methods: In this research, two dimensional photonic crystals are used for designing all optical logic gates. A photonic crystal structure with a triangular lattice is proposed for making NAND, XNOR, and OR optical logic gates. Using the structure as the intended logic gate is possible without the need to change the structure through the use of the phase difference at the inputs. Line and point defects have been used to propagate light from inputs to output. The logical values "0" and "1", are defined based on the amount of transferred optical power to the output.Results: The simple structure and the use of line and point defects, instead of ring resonators, reduce the complexity of the design and its use in optical logic integrated circuits. Another advantage of proposed structure, in comparison to the previous structures is the reduction in delay time that increases its speed. The maximum delay time of the proposed optical NAND, XNOR, and OR gates is about 0.1ps.Conclusion: In this study, one structure is suggested for realizing NAND, XNOR, and OR logic gates. This structure has a small size and low delay time, and is suitable for use in optical integrated circuits.
