Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

• Seyede Delaram Sadr
• Hamid Reza Izadfar

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives:Linear Synchronous Motors (LSMs) provide high precision, fast response, and reduced mechanical complexity, making them attractive for applications such as transportation, automation, robotics, and medical systems. Although numerous studies have investigated their structures, modeling, and optimization, challenges such as end effects, thermal management, and cost reduction remain unresolved. This review aims to synthesize recent advancements and highlight future directions for LSM design and optimization.
Methods: The study systematically reviews 54 high-quality research papers covering structural configurations, electromagnetic and thermal modeling approaches, optimization techniques, and application domains of LSMs. Comparative analysis includes flat, tubular, coreless, and superconducting designs, along with analytical, magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC), and finite element method (FEM) modeling. Multi-objective optimization strategies, intelligent algorithms, and material innovations such as Halbach arrays and grain-oriented steels are also examined.
Results: Recent research demonstrates that transverse flux and tubular structures enhance thrust density by 20–35% and up to 25%, respectively, while coreless and superconducting designs reduce cogging and enable threefold thrust improvements. Advanced FEM-based multiphysics modeling provides accurate prediction of coupled electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical behavior. Optimization strategies based on evolutionary algorithms achieved up to 12.5% thrust improvement, 8.7% loss reduction, and significant thermal enhancements through innovative cooling designs.
Conclusion: LSMs are advancing through structural innovations and intelligent optimization. Despite recent progress, challenges such as cooling, scalability, and material costs persist. Future developments will rely on adaptive control, machine-learning- based design, and novel materials, strengthening the role of LSMs in industry and emerging technologies.

Keywords

• Advanced Materials
• Coreless Motor
• Linear Synchronous Moto
• Magnetic Modeling
• Multiobjective Optimization

Main Subjects

• Electrical Machines

Open Access

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Publisher

Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University