Coordinated Model Predictive DC-Link Voltage, Current, and Electromagnetic Torque Control of Wind Turbine with DFIG under Grid Faults

Dehghani Arani, Z.; Taher, S. A.; Karimi, M. H.; Rahimi, M.

doi:10.22061/jecei.2020.7031.353

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.

² Iranian Oil Pipeline and Telecommunication Company, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22061/jecei.2020.7031.353

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The wind turbines (WTs) with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) have active and reactive power as well as electromagnetic torque oscillations, rotor over-current and DC-link over-voltage problems under grid faults. Solutions for these problems presented in articles can be classified into three categories: hardware protection devices, software methods, and combination of hardware and software techniques.
Methods: Conventional protection devices used for fault ride through (FRT) capability improvement of grid-connected DFIG-based WTs impose difficulty in rotor side converter (RSC) controlling, causing failure to comply with grid code requirements. Hence, the main idea in this paper is to develop a novel coordinated model predictive control (MPC) for the power converters without need to use any auxiliary hardware. Control objectives are defined to maintain DC-link voltage, rotor current as well as electromagnetic torque within permissible limits under grid fault conditions by choosing the best switching state so as to meet and exceed FRT requirements. Model predictive current and electromagnetic torque control schemes are implemented in the RSC. Also, model predictive current and DC-link voltage control schemes are applied to grid side converter (GSC).
Results: To validate the proposed control method, simulation studies are compared to conventional proportional-plus-integral (PI) controllers and sliding mode control (SMC) with pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching algorithm. In different case studies comprising variable wind speeds, single-phase fault, DFIG parameters variations, and severe voltage dip, the rotor current and DC-link voltage are respectively restricted to 2 pu and 1.2 times of DC-link rated voltage by the proposed MPC-based approach. The maximum peak values of DC-link voltage are 1783, 1463 and 1190 V by using PI control, SMC and the proposed methods, respectively. The maximum peak values of rotor current obtained by PI control, SMC and the proposed strategies are 3.23, 3.3 and 1.95 pu, respectively. Also, PI control, SMC and the proposed MPC methods present 0.8, 0.4 and 0.14 pu, respectively as the maximum peak values of electromagnetic torque.
Conclusion: The proposed control schemes are able to effectively improve the FRT capability of grid-connected DFIG-based WTs and keep the values of DC-link voltage, rotor current and electromagnetic torque within the acceptable limits. Moreover, these schemes present fast dynamic behavior during grid fault conditions due to modulator-free capability of the MPC method.

Keywords

20.1001.1.23223952.2020.8.2.6.7

Main Subjects

Wind power Integration

Open Access

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Publisher’s Note

JECEI Publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Publisher

Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University

References

[1] E. J. N. Menezes, A. M. Araújo, N. S. B. da Silva, "A review on wind turbine control and its associated methods," J. Clean. Prod., 174: 945-953, 2018.

[2] M. J. Morshed, A. Fekih, "A new fault ride-through control for DFIG-based wind energy systems," Electr. Power Syst. Res., 146: 258-269, 2017.

[3] J. Morren, S. W. H. de Haan, "Ridethrough of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator during a voltage dip," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 20(2): 435-441, 2005.

[4] S. Wang, N. Chen, D. Yu, A. Foley, L. Zhu, K. Li, J. Yu, "Flexible fault ride through strategy for wind farm clusters in power systems with high wind penetration," Energy Convers. Manage., 93(3): 239-248, 2015.

[5] A. Jalilian, S. B. Naderi, M. Negnevitsky, M. Tarafdar Hagh, K. M. Muttaqi, "Low voltage ride-through enhancement of DFIG-based wind turbine using DC link switchable resistive type fault current limiter," Electr. Power Energy Syst., 86: 104-119, 2017.

[6] M. Tsili, S. Papathanassiou, "A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms," IET Renew. Power Gen., 3(3): 308-332, 2009.

[7] D. Campos-Gaona, E. L. Moreno-Goytia, O. Anaya-Lara, "Fault ride-through improvement of DFIG-WT by integrating a two-degrees-of-freedom internal model control," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 60(3): 1133-1145, 2013.

[8] W. Chen, D. Xu, N. Zhu, M. Chen, F. Blaabjerg, "Control of doubly fed induction generator to ride through recurring grid faults," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 31(7): 4831-4846, 2016.

[9] X. Xiao, R. Yang, X. Chen, Z. Zheng, C. Li, "Enhancing fault ride-through capability of DFIG with modified SMES-FCL and RSC control," IET Gener. Transmiss. Distrib., 12(1): 258-266, 2018.

[10] S. I. Gkavanoudis, C. S. Demoulias, "Fault ride-through capability of a DFIG in isolated grids employing DVR and supercapacitor energy storage," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 68: 356-363, 2015.

[11] Y. Kailasa Gounder, D. Nanjundappan, V. Boominathan, "Enhancement of transient stability of distribution system with SCIG and DFIG based wind farms using STATCOM," IET Renew. Power Gen., 10(8): 1171-1180, 2016.

[12] A. Safaei, B. Vahidi, S. H. Hosseinian, H. A. Abyaneh, "Fault ride-through capability improvement of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine using static volt ampere reactive compensator," AIP J. Renewable Sustainable Energy, 7(2), 2015.

[13] T. Karaipoom, I. Ngamroo, "Optimal superconducting coil integrated into DFIG wind turbine for fault ride through capability enhancement and output power fluctuation suppression," IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 6(1): 28-42, 2015.

[14] S. Teimourzadeh, F. Aminifar, M. Davarpanah, J. M. Guerrero, "Macroprotections for microgrids: toward a new protection paradigm subsequent to distributed energy resource integration," IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., 10(3): 6-18, 2016.

[15] S. B. Naderi, M. Negnevitsky, K. M. Muttaqi, "A modified DC chopper for limiting the fault current and controlling the DC-link voltage to enhance fault ride-through capability of doubly-fed induction-generator-based wind turbine," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 55(2): 2021-2032, 2019.

[16] K. Du, X. Xiao, Y. Wang, Z. Zheng, C. Li, "Enhancing fault ride-through capability of DFIG-based wind turbines using inductive SFCL with coordinated control," IEEE Trans. Appl. Superconduct., 29(2): 1-6, 2019.

[17] Y. M. Alsmadi, L. Xu, F. Blaabjerg, A. J. P. Ortega, A. Y. Abdelaziz, A. Wang, Z. Albataineh, "Detailed investigation and performance improvement of the dynamic behavior of grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbines under LVRT conditions," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 54(5): 4795-4812, 2018.

[18] M. J. Hossain, T. K. Saha, N. Mithulannanthan, H. R. Pota, "Control strategies for augmenting LVRT capability of DFIGs in interconnected power system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 60(6): 2510-2522, 2013.

[19] D. Zhu, X. Zou, S. Zhou, W. Dong, Y. Kang, J. Hu, "Feedforward current references control for DFIG-based wind turbine to improve transient control performance during grid faults," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 33(2): 670-681, 2018.

[20] D. Xie, Z. Xu, L. Yang, J. Østergaard, Y. Xue, K. P. Wong, "A comprehensive LVRT control strategy for DFIG wind turbines with enhanced reactive power support," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 28(3): 3302-3310, 2013.

[21] M. Rahimi, M. Parniani, "Transient performance improvement of wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators using nonlinear control strategy," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 25(2): 514-525, 2010.

[22] J. Liang, W. Qiao, R. G. Harley, "Feed-forward transient current control for low-voltage ride-through enhancement of DFIG wind turbines," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 25(3): 836-843, 2010.

[23] J. Liang, D. F. Howard, J. A. Restrepo, R. G. Harley, "Feed-forward transient compensation control for DFIG wind turbines during both balanced and unbalanced grid disturbances," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 49(3): 1452-1463, 2013 .

[24] A. J. Sguarezi Filho, E. R. Filho, "Model-based predictive control applied to the doubly-fed induction generator direct power control," IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 3(3): 398-406, 2012.

[25] M. Soliman, O. P. Malik, D. T. Weswick, "Ensuring fault ride through for wind turbines with doubly fed induction generator: a model predictive control approach," in Proc. 18th IFAC World Conf.: pp. 1710-1715, 2011.

[26] M. Abdelrahem, M. H. Mobarak, R. Kennel, "Model predictive control for low-voltage ride through capability enhancement of DFIGs in variable-speed wind turbine systems," in Proc. of IEEE 9th Int. Conf. on Elect. and Computer Engineering,: 70-73, 2016.

[27] S. A. Taher, Z. Dehghani Arani, M. Rahimi, M. Shahidehpour, "Model predictive fuzzy control for enhancing FRT capability of DFIG-based WT in real-time simulation environment," Energy Syst., 9(4): 899-919, 2018.

[28] H. S. Naggar, A. S. Ahmed, M. M. Abd El-Aziz, "Low voltage ride through of doubly fed induction generator connected to the grid using sliding mode control strategy," Renew. Energy, 80: 583-594, 2015.

[29] S. A. Taher, Z. Dehghani Arani, M. Rahimi, M. Shahidehpour, "A new approach using combination of sliding mode control and feedback linearization for enhancing fault ride through capability of DFIG‐based WT," Int. Trans. Electr. Energ. Syst., 28(10), 2018.

[30] M. Rahimi, "Coordinated control of rotor and grid sides converters in DFIG based wind turbines for providing optimal reactive power support and voltage regulation," Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess., 20: 47-57, 2017.

[31] S. Kouro, P. Cortes, R. Vargas, U. Ammann, J. Rodriguez, "Model predictive control-A simple and powerful method to control power converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 56(6): 1826-1838, 2009.

[32] J. Rodriguez, P. Cortes, Predictive control of power converters and electrical drives, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

[33] R. P. Aguilera, D. E. Quevedo, "On stability and performance of finite control set MPC for power converters," in Proc. Workshop Predictive Control Elect. Drives Power Electron.: 55-62, 2011.

[34] R. P. Aguilera, D. E. Quevedo, "Predictive control of power converters: Designs with guaranteed performance," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., 11(1): 53-63, 2015.

[35] A. H. Kasem, E. F. EI-Saadany, H. H. EI-Tamaly, M. A. A. Wahab, "An improved fault ride-through strategy for doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines," IET Renew. Power Gener., 2(4): 201-214, 2008.

[36] C. K. Patel, H. T. Lee, I. M. Kroo, "Extracting energy from atmospheric turbulence," XXIX OSTIV Congress: 1-9, 2008.

LETTERS TO EDITOR

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Innovations (JECEI) welcomes letters to the editor for the post-publication discussions and corrections which allows debate post publication on its site, through the Letters to Editor. Letters pertaining to manuscript published in JECEI should be sent to the editorial office of JECEI within three months of either online publication or before printed publication, except for critiques of original research. Following points are to be considering before sending the letters (comments) to the editor.

[1] Letters that include statements of statistics, facts, research, or theories should include appropriate references, although more than three are discouraged.

[2] Letters that are personal attacks on an author rather than thoughtful criticism of the author’s ideas will not be considered for publication.

[3] Letters can be no more than 300 words in length.

[4] Letter writers should include a statement at the beginning of the letter stating that it is being submitted either for publication or not.

[5] Anonymous letters will not be considered.

[6] Letter writers must include their city and state of residence or work.

[7] Letters will be edited for clarity and length.

Name *

Email Address *

Affiliation *

Comments *

Security Code *

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Innovations (JECEI)

Coordinated Model Predictive DC-Link Voltage, Current, and Electromagnetic Torque Control of Wind Turbine with DFIG under Grid Faults

References

References

Send comment about this article

Volume 8, Issue 2
July 2020
Pages 201-218

Coordinated Model Predictive DC-Link Voltage, Current, and Electromagnetic Torque Control of Wind Turbine with DFIG under Grid Faults

References

References

Send comment about this article

Volume 8, Issue 2July 2020Pages 201-218

Volume 8, Issue 2
July 2020
Pages 201-218