Document Type : Review paper
Authors
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
2 Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To a large extent, low production of maize can be attributed to diseases and pests. Accurate, fast, and early detection of maize plant disease is critical for efficient maize production. Early detection of a disease enables growers, breeders and researchers to effectively apply the appropriate controlled measures to mitigate the disease’s effects. Unfortunately, the lack of expertise in this area and the cost involved often result in an incorrect diagnosis of maize plant diseases which can cause significant economic loss. Over the years, there have been many techniques that have been developed for the detection of plant diseases. In recent years, computer-aided methods, especially Machine learning (ML) techniques combined with crop images (image-based phenotyping), have become dominant for plant disease detection. Deep learning techniques (DL) have demonstrated high accuracies of performing complex cognitive tasks like humans among machine learning approaches. This paper aims at presenting a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art DL techniques used for detecting disease in the leaves of maize.
Methods: In achieving the aims of this paper, we divided the methodology into two main sections; Article Selection and Detailed review of selected articles. An algorithm was used in selecting the state-of-the-art DL techniques for maize disease detection spanning from 2016 to 2021. Each selected article is then reviewed in detail taking into considerations the DL technique, dataset used, strengths and limitations of each technique.
Results: DL techniques have demonstrated high accuracies in maize disease detection. It was revealed that transfer learning reduces training time and improves the accuracies of models. Models trained with images taking from a controlled environment (single leaves) perform poorly when deployed in the field where there are several leaves. Two-stage object detection models show superior performance when deployed in the field.
Conclusion: From the results, lack of experts to annotate accurately, Model architecture, hyperparameter tuning, and training resources are some of the challenges facing maize leaf disease detection. DL techniques based on two-stage object detection algorithms are best suited for several plant leaves and complex backgrounds images.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Open Access
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Publisher’s Note
JECEI Publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Publisher
Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
', './data/jecei/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))
Send comment about this article