A New Hybrid Predictive-PWM Control for Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter

Hamedani, P.; Changizian, M.

doi:10.22061/jecei.2024.10549.721

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

Department of Railway Engineering and Transportation Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22061/jecei.2024.10549.721

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Model predictive control (MPC) is a practical and attractive control methodology for the control of power electronic converters and electrical motor drives. MPC has a simple structure and enables the simultaneous consideration of different objectives and constraints. However, when applying MPC for multilevel inverters (MLIs), especially at higher voltage levels, the number of switching states dramatically increases. This issue becomes more severe when MLIs are used to supply electrical motor drives.
Methods: This paper proposes three different MPC strategies that reduce the number of iterations and computation burden in a 3-phase 4-level flying capacitor inverter (FCI). Traditional MPC with a reduced number of switching conditions, split MPC, and hybrid MPC-PWM control are investigated in this work.
Results: In all methods, the capacitor voltages of the FCI are balanced during different operational conditions. The number of iterations is reduced from 512 in traditional MPC to at least 192 in the split MPC. Moreover, the split MPC strategy eliminates the usage and optimization of weighting factors for capacitors voltage balance. However, in the hybrid MPC-PWM control method in comparison to other methods, the voltage balancing time is much lower, the phase current tracks the reference more accurately, the transient time is lower, and the efficiency is higher. In addition, the capacitors voltage ripple is negligible in the hybrid MPC-PWM control method.
Conclusion: Simulation results manifest the effectiveness of the suggested hybrid MPC-PWM methodology. Results manifest that the hybrid MPC-PWM control offers perfect dynamic characteristics and succeeds in maintaining the voltage balance during different operational conditions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Power Electronics

Open Access

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Publisher’s Note

JECEI Publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Publisher

Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University

References

[1] S. Enyedi, "Electric cars—Challenges and trends," in Proc. IEEE 2018 International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR): 1-8, 2018.

[2] H. Schefer, L. Fauth, T. H. Kopp, R. Mallwitz, J. Friebe, M. Kurrat, "Discussion on electric power supply systems for all electric aircraft," IEEE Access, 8: 84188-84216, 2020.

[3] C. Jung, "Power up with 800-V systems: The benefits of upgrading voltage power for battery-electric passenger vehicles," IEEE Electrific. Mag., 5(1): 53-58, 2017.

[4] D. Ronanki, A. Kelkar, S. S. Williamson, "Extreme fast charging technology_Prospects to enhance sustainable electric transportation," Energies, 12(19): 3721, 2019.

[5] H. Tu, H. Feng, S. Srdic, S. Lukic, "Extreme fast charging of electric vehicles: A technology overview," IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific., 5(4): 861-878, 2019.

[6] C. Jung, "Power up with 800-V systems: The benefits of upgrading voltage power for battery-electric passenger vehicles," IEEE Electrific. Mag., 5(1): 53-58, 2017.

[7] A. Poorfakhraei, M. Narimani, A. Emadi, "A review of multilevel inverter topologies in electric vehicles: Current status and future trends," IEEE Open J. Power Electron., 2: 155-170, 2021.

[8] F. Chang, O. Ilina, M. Lienkamp, L. Voss, "Improving the overall efficiency of automotive inverters using a multilevel converter composed of low voltage Si MOSFETs," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 34(4): 3586-3602, 2019.

[9] M. Quraan, P. Tricoli, S. D’Arco, L. Piegari, "Efficiency assessment of modular multilevel converters for battery electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 32(3): 2041-2051, 2017.

[10] P. Hamedani, A.Shoulaie, "Utilization of CHB multilevel inverter for harmonic reduction in fuzzy logic controlled multiphase LIM drives," J. Electr. Comput. Eng. Innovations, 8(1): 19-30, 2020.

[11] J. A. Anderson, G. Zulauf, P. Papamanolis, S. Hobi, S. Miric, J. W. Kolar, "Three levels are not enough: Scaling laws for multilevel converters in AC/DC applications," IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., 36(4): 3967-3986, 2021.

[12] A. Poorfakhraei, M. Narimani, A. Emadi, "A review of modulation and control techniques for multilevel inverters in traction applications," IEEE Access, 9: 24187-24204, 2021.

[13] A. M. Trzynadlowski, The field orientation principle in control of induction motors, Springer Science & Business Media, 1994.

[14] P. Vas, Sensorless vector and direct torque control, Oxford University Press, 1998.

[15] N. P. Quang, J. A. Dittrich, Vector control of three-phase AC machines: system development in the Practice, Springer, 2015.

[16] J. Rodriguez, P. Cortes, Predictive control of power converters and electrical drives, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

[17] J. Rodriguez et al., "Latest advances of model predictive control in electrical drives—Part I: Basic Concepts and Advanced Strategies," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 37(4): 3927-3942, 2022.

[18] P. Hamedani, S. Sadr, "Model predictive control of linear induction motor drive with end effect consideration," J. Electr. Comput. Eng. Innovations, 11(2): 253-262, 2023.

[19] P. Hamedani, C. Garcia, F. Flores-Bahamonde, S. Sadr, J. Rodriguez, "Predictive control of 4-level flying capacitor inverter for electric car applications," in Proc. the 13th Power Electronics, Drive Systems, and Technologies Conference (PEDSTC): 224-229, 2022.

[20] J. Rodriguez et al., "Latest advances of model predictive control in electrical drives—Part II: Applications and benchmarking with classical control methods," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 37(5): 5047-5061, 2022.

[21] S. Kouro, P. Cortes, R. Vargas, U. Ammann, J. Rodriguez, "Model predictive control-a simple and powerful method to control power converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 56(6): 1826-1838, 2009.

[22] J. Rodriguez, M. P. Kazmierkowski, J. R. Espinoza, P. Zanchetta, H. Abu-Rub, H. A. Young, C. A. Rojas, "State of the art of finite control set model predictive control in power electronics," IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., 9(2): 1003-1016, 2013.

[23] S. Vazquez, J. Rodriguez, M. Rivera, L. G. Franquelo, M. Norambuena, "Model predictive control for power converters and drives: Advances and trends," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 64(2): 935-947, 2017.

[24] P. Karamanakos, E. Liegmann, T. Geyer, R. Kennel, "Model predictive control of power electronic systems: Methods, results, and challenges," IEEE Open J. Ind. Appl., 1: 95-114, 2020.

[25] J. O. Krah, T. Schmidt, and J. Holtz, "Predictive current control with synchronous optimal pulse patterns," in Proc. IEEE 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (SGRE), 2019.

[26] T. Geyer, G. Papafotiou, M. Morari, "Model predictive direct torque control—part I: Concept, algorithm, and analysis," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 56(6): 1894-1905, 2009.

[27] M. F. Elmorshedy, W. Xu, F. F. M. El-Sousy, M. R. Islam, A. A. Ahmed, "Recent achievements in model predictive control techniques for industrial motor: A comprehensive state-of-the-art," IEEE Access, 9: 58170-58191, 2021.

[28] J. Darivianakis, T. Geyer, W. van der Merwe, “Model predictive current control of modular multilevel converters,” in Proc. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2014.

[29] M. Najjar, M. Shahparasti, R. Heydari, M. Nymand, "Model predictive controllers with capacitor voltage balancing for a single-phase five-level SiC/si based ANPC inverter," IEEE Open J. Power Electron., 2: 202-211, 2021.

[30] J. Raath, T. Mouton, T. Geyer, "Alternative sphere decoding algorithm for long-horizon model predictive control of multi-level inverters," in Proc. IEEE 21st Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2020.

[31] K. Bandy, P. Stumpf, “Model predictive torque control for multilevel inverter fed induction machines using sorting networks,” IEEE Access, 9: 13800-13813, 2021.

[32] M. Wu, H. Tian, Y. W. Li, G. Konstantinou, K. Yang, “A composite selective harmonic elimination model predictive control for seven-level hybrid-clamped inverters with optimal switching patterns,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 36(1): 274-284, 2021.

[33] M. Aly, F. Carnielutti, M. Norambuena, S. Kouro, J. Rodriguez, “A model predictive control method for common grounded photovoltaic multilevel inverter,” in Proc. IEEE IECON 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2020.

[34] R. O. Ramirez, C. R. Baier, F. Villarroel, J. R. Espinoza, J. Pou, J. Rodriguez, "A hybrid FCS-MPC with low and fixed switching frequency without steady-state error applied to a grid-connected CHB inverter," IEEE Access, 8: 223637-223651, 2020.

[35] K. Antoniewicz, M. Jasinski, M. P. Kazmierkowski, M. Malinowski, "Model predictive control for three-level four-leg flying capacitor converter operating as shunt active power filter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 63(8): 5255-5262, 2016.

[36] Z. Zhang, C. M. Hackl, R. Kennel, "Computationally efficient DMPC for three-level NPC back-to-back converters in wind turbine systems with PMSG," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 32(10): 8018-8034, 2017.

[37] J. Ma, W. Song, S. Wang, X. Feng, "Model predictive direct power control for single phase three-level rectifier at low switching frequency," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 33(2): 1050-1062, 2018.

[38] A. Dekka, B. Wu, V. Yaramasu, N. R. Zargari, "Model predictive control with common-mode voltage injection for modular multilevel converter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 32(3): 1767-1778, 2017.

[39] C. Garcia et al., "FCS-MPC based pre-filtering stage for computational efficiency in a flying capacitor converter," IEEE Access, 9: 111039-111049, 2021.

[40] S. R. Mohapatra, V. Agarwal, "A low computational cost model predictive controller for grid connected three phase four wire multilevel inverter," in Proc. IEEE 27th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2018.

[41] B. Gutierrez, S. S. Kwak, "Model predictive control method with preselected control options for reduced computational complexity in modular multilevel converters (mmcs)," in Proc. 20th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’18 ECCE Europe): 1-8, 2018.

[42] R. Amir, A. Hasan, O. Hasan, "Approximate sphere decoding-based model predictive control of cascaded h-bridge inverters," in Proc. IEEE 13th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG): 1-6, 2019.

[43] Y. Zhang, X. Wu, X. Yuan, Y. Wang, P. Dai, "Fast model predictive control for multilevel cascaded h-bridge statcom with polynomial computation time," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 63(8): 5231-5243, 2016.

[44] Y. Zhang, X. Wu, X. Yuan, "A simplified branch and bound approach for model predictive control of multilevel cascaded h-bridge statcom," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 64(10): 7634-7644, 2017.

[45] Z. Ni, M. Narimani, "A new fast formulation of model predictive control for chb statcom," in Proc. IEEE IECON 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society: 3493-3498, 2019.

[46] Z. Ni, A. Abuelnaga, M. Narimani, "A novel high-performance predictive control formulation for multilevel inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 35(11): 11533-11543, 2020.

[47] Y. Yang, H. Wen, M. Fan, L. He, M. Xie, R. Chen, M. Norambuena, J. Rodr´ıguez, "Multiple-voltage-vector model predictive control with reduced complexity for multilevel inverters," IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrif., 6(1): 105-117, 2020.

LETTERS TO EDITOR

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Innovations (JECEI) welcomes letters to the editor for the post-publication discussions and corrections which allows debate post publication on its site, through the Letters to Editor. Letters pertaining to manuscript published in JECEI should be sent to the editorial office of JECEI within three months of either online publication or before printed publication, except for critiques of original research. Following points are to be considering before sending the letters (comments) to the editor.

[1] Letters that include statements of statistics, facts, research, or theories should include appropriate references, although more than three are discouraged.

[2] Letters that are personal attacks on an author rather than thoughtful criticism of the author’s ideas will not be considered for publication.

[3] Letters can be no more than 300 words in length.

[4] Letter writers should include a statement at the beginning of the letter stating that it is being submitted either for publication or not.

[5] Anonymous letters will not be considered.

[6] Letter writers must include their city and state of residence or work.

[7] Letters will be edited for clarity and length.

Name *

Email Address *

Affiliation *

Comments *

Security Code *

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Innovations (JECEI)

A New Hybrid Predictive-PWM Control for Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter

References

References

Send comment about this article

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 February 2024

A New Hybrid Predictive-PWM Control for Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter

References

References

Send comment about this article

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript Available Online from 21 February 2024

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 21 February 2024