Document Type : Original Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
2 Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Node counting is undoubtedly an essential task since it is one of the important parameters to maintain proper functionality of any wireless communications network including undersea acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). In undersea communications networks, protocol-based node counting techniques suffer from poor performance due to the unique propagation characteristics of the medium. To solve the issue of counting nodes of an undersea network, an approach based on cross-correlation (CC) of Gaussian signals has been previously introduced. However, the limited bandwidth (BW) of undersea communication presents a significant challenge to the node counting technique based on CC, which traditionally uses Gaussian signals with infinite BW. This article aims to investigate this limitation.
Methods: To tackle the infinite BW issue, a band-limited Gaussian signal is employed for counting nodes, impacting the cross-correlation function (CCF) and the derived estimation parameters. To correlate the estimation parameters for finite and infinite BW scenarios, a scaling factor (SF) is determined for a specific BW by averaging their ratios across different node counts.
Results: Error-free estimation in a band-limited condition is reported in this work if the SF for that BW is known. Given the typical undersea BW range of 1–15 kHz, it is also important to establish a relationship between the SF and BW. This relationship, derived and validated through simulation, allows for determining the SF and achieving accurate node count under any band-limited condition within the 1–15 kHz range. Furthermore, an evaluation of node counting performance in terms of a statistical parameter called the coefficient of variation (CV) is performed for finite BW scenarios. As a side contribution, the effect of noise on the CC-based undersea node counting approach is also explored.
Conclusion: This research reveals that successful node counting can be achieved using the CC-based technique in the presence of finite undersea BW constraints.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Open Access
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Publisher’s Note
JECEI Publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Publisher
Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
', './data/jecei/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))
Send comment about this article